I can't even remember the last time I felt
emotions looking at the blue sky while walking on the streets without a mask. There
may be a reason to wear a mask because of the new respiratory virus called
Corona recently, but even before the corona, there were many things to wear a
mask due to yellow dust and fine dust, so air purifiers and air conditioning
facilities were important.
As mentioned earlier, fine dust literally means dust with very small particles. General fine dust is a small size of about 1/5 to 1/7 the diameter of a human hair, and stays in the air in an invisible state. Since fine dust is so small, there is a risk that it can directly penetrate organs such as the lungs through the respiratory tract or move into the body along the blood vessels, adversely affecting health.
In this issue, among the various technologies for resolving fine dust, we will look into the fine dust reduction technology and classify the removal technology in detail. In addition, we will check the recent research trends through the overall flow of patent trends by reduction technology.
1. What is fine dust?
When exposed to fine dust for a long time, immunity is rapidly lowered, which can expand to various diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and skin diseases as well as respiratory diseases such as colds/asthma/bronchitis. According to recent research trends, as a result of analyzing the substances contained in fine dust, it is becoming a bigger problem due to the high content of heavy metals. This is because there is a high risk of expanding to problems in the human body caused by heavy metals in addition to problems caused by fine dust.
2. Fine dust emission sources and reduction technology
⬤ Causes of Fine Dust Emissions
A large amount of primary fine dust is emitted in the form of dust from chimneys of fuel combustion facilities, car exhaust vents, and windblown dust. Secondary fine dust includes aerosols such as ammonium nitrate or ammonium sulfate, which are produced through chemical reactions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, and ammonia already emitted in the air, and organic substances that have been condensed in the air. Looking at the fine dust analysis results measured in Seoul, it seems that about 20-40% of PM10 is composed of secondary fine dust. If the cause or solution to the primary fine dust emission is specifically and accurately analyzed, it is judged that it can be a key to solving the problem of fine dust.
⬤ Fine dust reduction technology
① Electrostatic Precipitator
The Electrostatic precipitator is a device that forms an appropriate unequal electric field using direct current high voltage and charges the dust in the gas using corona discharge in the electric field to separate and collect the charged corpuscle in the collecting electrode by the force of Coulomb.
The Hybrid Precipitator technology is that maximize the increase in dust particle collection performance through a technology combination of conventional electric dust collection and filtered dust collection.
A filter is a filtering body for removing small solids in a gaseous phase or a liquid phase. A fabric filter, which is mainly used to control fine dust, is a very effective technology for separating particulate pollutants from combustion gas. The collection principle of a single fiber for this technology is operated by the mechanism of inertia, blocking, diffusion, and gravity in a filter.
DPF consists of a device that collects fine dust from the exhaust from diesel engines and a device that burns the collected dust.
<fine dust reduction technology and detailed classification of emission sources>
⬤ Application trends by year/country
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| Application trends by country and all years (The gray shaded area is an unpulished period) |
The trend of repeating the trend of increase → decrease → increase → decrease in the number of applications is observed, and it seems that about 300 applications are being filed steadily. In particular, applications from Korea and China show a continuous upward trend (↗), and especially in the late 2010s, the rising trend of applications from Korea is confirmed.
It is inferred that the trend of application by country reflects the result of investment and demand according to the changing policy of each country or air quality (fine dust, NOx, SOx, etc.).
⬤ Application trends by all applicants
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| Top10 applicants related to fine dust reduction |
As a result of extracting the top 10 applicants related to fine dust reduction, the applicant with the largest number of applications is TOYOTA MOTOR (JP, 383 cases), followed by YANMAR (JP), ISUZU MOTOR (JP), TOPSOE HALDOR (DK ), KUBOTA (JP), and JOHNSON MATTHEY.
⬤ Application trends by fine dust reduction technology
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| Application status by fine dust reduction technology |
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| Application trend by year for fine dust reduction technology (The gray shaded area is an unpulished period) |
The characteristics of application trends by fine dust reduction technology include DPF(R4) > scrubber, adsorption(R5) > Bag filter(R3) > electrostatic precipitator(R1). As for the electrostatic precipitator technology, dry electrostatic precipitator(R1-1) continues to increase over time, whereas wet electrostatic precipitator(R1-2) is declining overall. In addition, the DPF(R4), which accounted for the largest number of inventions, is declining at a very rapid rate.
⬤ Application trends by source of fine dust emission
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| Application status by fine dust emission source |
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| Application status by fine dust emission source (The gray shaded area is an unpublished period) |
Industry continues to develop, and consequently, more pollutants are emitted. It is impossible to recover the pollutants already discharged or restore the destroyed environment by blaming only the problem of technological development or lack of awareness or policy for these emission factors.
Therefore, rather than not taking reduction technologies and regulations because of the immediate cost or time required, it should be resolved through thorough cause analysis and related research and development.
※ Reference
- Current Status and Problems of Fine Dust
Pollution (Jang Young-ki, 2016)
- Characteristics of air pollutants and
prevention facilities (instrumentation technology, 2009)
- Fine dust treatment principle and technology
development trend (National Land No. 452, 2019)
- Management plan for prior pollution
reduction in air emission facilities (Korea Environmental Institute, 1998)
IP Strategy 3 Team l Manager
JunKyu PARK specializes in patent trend analysis and patent big data processing using AI, focusing on major industries such as displays, batteries and polymers.
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